A practical introduction to viral phylogenetics

Exercises

Section 6: big trees continued

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Question: What residue is present at Spike position 681 in the strain of the virus that originally emerged in Wuhan?
Question: Name some lineages where this amino acid has mutated. What has it changed to?
Question: How many times has Spike position 212 mutated to S (serine) on this tree?
Question: What is the term for this multiple emergence of a mutation?
Question: Is there a pattern to the genetic background on which these mutations occur?
Question: What is a possible explanation for this pattern? Be as specific as possible
Question: What is this effect in which the genetic background determines what mutations are possible called?